• THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775-1783)

  The British Navigation acts, the closing of western lands, the restricting of the colonial currency, the Quartering Act, the Stamp Act, and The Townshend Acts enacted by the British Parliament contributed to the revolution of colonists. In 1773, the British Parliament permitted the East India Company to sell tea in the colonies at very low prices, which resulted in the Boston tea party. The response of the British Parliament was the Intolerable Acts and the Quebec Act in 1774. In September of the same year, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia. The Revolutionary War began in 1775. The second Continental Congress was held in May, 1775 in Philadelphia. In 1776, the United States declared independence. British and American troops fought near Boston, New York, Trenton, and other places. In 1783, by the Treaty of Paris, the independence of the 13th colonies was recognized by Great Britain, and the war ended.

  American Revolutionary War Statistics:

  Population: 3,500,000
  Service Members: 200,000
  Ratio: 5.7%
  Casualties: 4,435 Dead, 6,188 Wounded
  Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $1.2

The United States declared war on Britain in 1812. The Americans’ attempts to conquer Canada during the campaigns of 1812-1813 failed. British blockaded the American coast. After many battles, the war was ended in 1814 by the Treaty of Ghent, which was the Belgium of old. Weeks after that, Major General Andrew Jackson, also known as “Old Hickory,” won the battle of New Orleans. The war ended with no gain for both sides.

War of 1812 Statistics:

Population: 7,600,000

Service Members: 286,000

Ratio: 3.8%

Casualties: 2,260 Dead, 4,505 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $0.7

Mexico refused to recognize the annexation of Texas. In 1846, Mexicans attacked US troops, and the Congress declared war on Mexico. The Mexican-American War was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. Mexico ceded the states of California, Utah, Nevada, as well as parts of New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Wyoming.

Mexican-American War Statistics:

Population: 21,100,000

Service Members: 78,718

Ratio: 0.4%

Casualties: 13,283 Dead, 4,152 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $1.1

he American Civil War was fought by 11 southern states known as the Confederacy and Union states. Since President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party were against the expansion of slavery, the southern states declared their secession from the Union. This war was the deadliest in American history. The Union won, the Confederate armies surrendered in 1865, and the war ended the practice of slavery.

American Civil War Statistics:

The Union

Population: 26,200,000

Service Members: 2,803,300

Ratio: 10.7%

Casualties: 360,000 Dead, 275,175 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $27.3

The Confederate States of America

Population: 8,100,000

Service Members: 1,064,200

Ratio: 13.1%

Casualties: 260,000 Dead, 137,000+ Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $17.1

Total

Population: 34,300,000

Service Members: 3,867,500

Ratio: 11.1%

Casualties: 620,000 Dead, 412,175+ Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $44.4

Spain declared war on the US in April 1898 because the US supported the Cuban struggle for independence. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in August, 1898. The US gained the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

Spanish-American War Statistics:

Population: 74,600,000

Service Members: 306,800

Ratio: 0.4%

Casualties: 387 Dead, 1,662 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $6.3

The First World War began in 1914, and it was fought between the Allied (Entente) Powers, which included the Russian Empire, the British Empire, France, the Empire of Japan, Italy, and the US, and the Central Powers, which included the Ottoman Empire, the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. The war ended with the victory of the Allied Powers in 1918. New nations were formed.

World War I Statistics:

Population: 102,800,000

Service Members: 4,743,800

Ratio: 4.6%

Casualties: 116,708 Dead, 204,002 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $196.5

The Second World War started in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. It was fought between the Axis Powers, which consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan, and the Allies, which were made up of the British Empire, the USSR, and the USA. The war ended with the capitulation of Germany and Japan in 1945. Warsaw Pact and NATO were created, and the Cold War began.

World War II Statistics:

Population: 135,500,000

Service Members: 16,353,700

Ratio: 12.2%

Casualties: 407,316 Dead, 670,846 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $2,091.3

In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, and the nations that were allied with the US (the UN) intervened on behalf of the South. The USSR and the People’s Republic of China supported the North Korea. The Korean conflict ended in 1953. The Korean Demilitarized Zone was established.

Korean War Statistics:

Population: 151,700,000

Service Members: 5,764,100

Ratio: 3.8%

Casualties: 33,651 Dead, 103,284 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $263.9

The Vietnam War was fought between the communist forces of North Vietnam, Viet Kong, Khmer Rouge, the People’s Republic of China, USSR, North Korea, and Pathet Lao, and the anticommunist forces of US, South Vietnam, South Korea, Australia, Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, the Kingdom of Laos and the Khmer Republic. North Vietnam won, and Laos, Cambodia, and South Vietnam became communist states.

Vietnam War Statistics:

Population: 204,900,000

Service Members: 8,744,000

Ratio: 4.3%

Casualties: 58,168 Dead, 303,635 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $346.7

The war was fought between Iraq and the coalition forces of 34 nations that were authorized by the UN, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The war ended with the coalition victory, and Kuwait was liberated.

Gulf War Statistics:

Population: 260,000,000

Service Members: 2,750,000

Ratio: 1.1%

Casualties: 382 Dead, 467 Wounded

Financial Cost in billions (1990s): $61.1

Beginning October 7, 2001, Operation Enduring Freedom is the U.S. led effort to drive al-Qaeda and Taliban forces from power in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan War Statistics (as of 2021)

U.S. Troops: 980,000

U.S. Casualties: 2,455 dead

Financial Cost: $2 Trillion

Operation Iraqi Freedom (renamed Operation New Dawn in September 2010) began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a U.S.-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for nearly a decade, as insurgent fighters resisted the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraq government. In 2007, following a decline in insurgent violence, the U.S. gradually began to reduce its military presence, and the last U.S. troops exited on December 15, 2011, marking the end of the war.

Iraq War Statistics:

Iraq Population: 25 Million (2003)

U.S. Troops: 1 Million+

U.S. Military Casualties: 4,488 Dead, 32,223 Wounded

Financial Cost: $1.7 trillion (through Fiscal Year 2013)

MORE 21ST CENTURY INTERVENTIONS (2000-PRESENT)

Many wars have been waged on terror and the groups that make up terror groups. Some of these groups include but are not limited to al-Qaeda, Islamic State, ISIS, al-shabaab and various other groups. In these conflicts, the U.S.A. supported and fought to defend freedom to varying degrees. These conflicts are not large enough to be considered a full fledged war for the U.S., but still deserve recognition nonetheless.